Sephardic Jews "Sephardic"
Dr.. Hanan Akhamis
Palestinian Foreign Ministry
Political Department
* What does the word Svardam: -
Svardam word: Sfard mean Spain and Sephardi means Spain in Hebrew and collected Svardam and calling Jews who
Descended out of the Jews who emigrated to the peninsula, especially after the needle Muslims open her 711 m
And expelled from Spain and Portugal on the impact of the courts of the inspection and release the Jews from Arab countries have different names, including:
Svardam and the East sects and Jews, Jews and Middle Asia and Africa, was speaking of those in Spain in the first
They Arabic language until the thirteenth century, and then they took to speak in Spanish, which clung to them and they considered their language
Traditional, since they in another reign before being deported from Spain in 1492 and then to the year 1496 (Maranyen) Any
Christianity pretend they are doing acts of worship and religious rituals Judaism in secret and then returned to Judaism after their release
From Spain and those who had immigrated to southern Europe and North Africa and the Middle East countries and some of them went to
London, Amsterdam and Hamburg and then migrated to other places of the world and know the language of the Sephardim (Altaa) still
Speak it (Balladeno) and Spanish is the common language when Palestinian Jews.
* Jewish History: -
Jewish Adin were not initially confined to the people of Moses were the Jewish religion spread among different nations and
Races and these nations have embraced the Jewish religion She lives in their homes and homelands speak their own languages and exercise habits
And traditions that have arisen in their environment as preaching the Jewish religion began Since the formation of the Jewish religion after writing the Torah, and continued
Until the Middle Ages when they closed the door evangelization in the middle of the thirteenth century, Jews have spent more
Twenty centuries of hard-working and activity to spread their faith among the peoples and nations has not been to the people of Moses, not the lowest link
Their relationship with Palestine or Palestine as the Jewish population spread by the espoused from various races
And peoples, Vantcher this debt in three continents and embraced Nations spaced nations such as Yemen and Ethiopia's population,
And the Arabian Peninsula and the countries of the Caucasus (Khazar) and Central Europe and the Maghreb countries and different peoples in the Romanian state and
In neighboring countries, along with the elements that have entered Judaism through marriage or other things, I have
Jews lived in the Arabian Peninsula people living Vlpsoa their dress and spoke their language and practicing their customs and traditions and
Tsaheroa with them, married Arabiyat Jews and Arabs Jews married only difference was that between Arabs and Jews
In the Arabian Peninsula is a religion and this is what confirms that the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula Arabs Mthudon not Jewish immigrants,
Jewish embraced by proselytizing Jews and Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula has not adhered to the Talmud because they believe they
Torah.
Mr. Jeffries said the author of a book (Palestine - true) that the idea of the colonization of Palestine by the Zionists pre-dates
Napoleon nearly six centuries when three hundred ink of the rabbis came to Saladin to provide
Possibilities for immigration of Jews to Palestine, he says, "When Saladin recaptured the Kingdom of Islam found Jews compassionate
Him and then they lack in Palestine and there are strange (historical event is that Saladin received in years
1211 m three hundred ink of the rabbis came from England and France have brought them in pursuit of the survey for
The possibility of Jewish immigration to Palestine is important that these inks did not yield any result.
And I've already made up of 500 young Jews Kharaon group in Russia and they are released from the members of the Organization of lovers
Zion, issued a statement in Istanbul in 1882 in the wake of massacres against the Jews in 1881 in Russia, known as the
(Belo statement) calling for the organization of the movement to return to Palestine and the Jews to return to Palestine demanding that the Lord granted
Jews according to historical documents.
The term Belo taken from the Torah and the mean (O house of Jacob, come and let us walk in the light of the Lord).
www.ktabook.com
And the impact of this took place in 1897, the first international conference of the Zionists in Basel, Switzerland, attended by about three hundred
Fifty people, representing Jewish association resulted in the founding of the World Zionist Organization, was elected conference
Theodor Herzl her.
* The Select Conference Basel Zionist Organization's goals including: -
1. The purpose of the World Zionist is to create a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine.
2. Work on the colonization of Palestine by Jewish agricultural workers and industrialists.
3. The global Jewish organization, and linked by local and international organizations fit with the laws in place in each country.
4. strengthen the feeling and Jewish national consciousness and nutrition.
5. Hebrew language considered an official language of communication among Jews all over the world.
This became known as the documents (Protocols of the Elders of Zion) and that this scheme materials derived from the Talmud, which states
Enable the Jews to control the whole world for the benefit of the Jews alone, and the establishment of an autocratic monarchy Jewish
Jerusalem-based first and then settle down forever in Rome, the capital of Romania empire (meaning the Vatican and
Which has translated these documents priest Sergei Nilus and is the Russian Orthodox Church of the men Vtorgom book
And transported to Russia in 1902 after it was stolen and the impact that pervaded pogroms against Jews in Russia and has called
. (Protocols of the Elders of Zion) and reprinted in 1917
* Sephardic Jews and their culture in the literary compositions.
The opening of the Sephardic world led to a culture that has become a combination of Torah and Talmud, philosophy and civilizations
Islamic, Babylonian, and Romania has been collecting Sephardic heritage between mysticism and philosophy Talmudic hair and famous
Their music and their heritage, which turned into a part of the prayers.
Sephardic Jews has been described in many stories and novels bad qualities of unspeakable cruelty based in essence
Negative prejudices such naivete, ignorance and backwardness, violence, pollution, disease and crime and addiction to sugar
And the exploitation of the wife and children by the father and laziness and lack of awareness of the importance of science, described as Eastern Jews, which
Relating to the external appearance, such as short stature slim and dressed patchy and bare feet and on his head Tarbush
red.
Skin color: when Sephardic Jews tend to their skin color dark triticeum.
Uniforms: Sephardic Jews Gaaat wearing short black hair and a short beard and sideburns are without (except
Right-wing) and bite hat on head and orthodox religious Jews wearing a black hat and Conservative Jews
Wearing a hat sewn in assorted colors.
Language and tone of the Sephardic Jews.
Still elderly Jewish immigrants speak their mother tongue (Arabic) is not fluent in Hebrew, and is still 8
% Of Sephardic Jews who speak Arabic language and dialect Orientals tend to emphasize the Arab and sounds
Aalh ringed eye.
* Religious obligation when Sephardic Jews.
There are differences in the obligatory prayers and religious Jews who remained in the country and among the Jews who were carried away to Babylon days
Nebuchadnezzar, and some believe that the Sephardic Jews followed the way of Babylon, and they walk according to the teachings of the Babylonian Talmud.
1. Jews Weavers quote verses written by poets of Jews in Andalusia Arab culture saturated in prayer
Verses from the Torah used in different seasons.
2. intonation when the Sephardim in the recitation of the Torah is dominated by eastern melody.
3. reservation when Sephardic Torah in a wooden box plated with silver and gold, and opens the Sephardic Torah before reading
Chapter weekly, which is recited in the Knesset on Saturday.
4. recited holiday on the occasion of the Easter story of the children of Israel out of Egypt, the night of the feast of Svardam texts and one in Arabic
And the other in Hebrew and the elderly recite this story usually in Arabic and Hebrew youth.
5. consider Sephardic New Year's Eve Eve ordinary Ankpon on the study of the Torah.
* Foods when Sephardic Jews.
Spread Arab foods when Sephardic Jews such as falafel and hummus, beans, thyme and Egyptian Jews
Moroccan couscous and analyzes the Sephardic Jews eat rice Easter holiday days and eat lettuce.
* Sing and dance when Sephardic Jews: The spread of the songs eastern and Arabic music when Sephardic Jews like
Or garlic and Farid al-Atrash spared Iraq founded the prestigious art school in the sing and celebrate and authored shrines and Lyrics
Popular Iraq, Iraqi and folklore, and Henk another color distinguishes the Sephardic Jews and is belly dancing and there
A group of Jewish girls practiced belly dancing in nightclubs and weddings and adopted a constituent right-wing sect
Of young men and women special colors of folk dance and named Aldarah in Yemen, and Yemeni traditional uniforms and salutes
Concerts in Israel and abroad.
* Holidays and occasions.
Sephardic involved in all these holidays, without exception, year-round festivals and events associated with many events
Historical and religious experienced by Jews, such as the Jewish New Year, Yom Kippur holiday awning, Festival of Lights, Feast
Voyager, the Easter holiday, the feast of Pentecost, the feast of Independence, these are all religious holidays as Independence holiday.
* Sephardic Jews immigrate to Israel as follows: -
1. We have been uprooted from their towns and villages because of the sudden need them immediately to build the state of Israel did not
Partners in the planning, but were completely cut off from the Jewish world and the Zionist movement dissatisfied with their environment and
Culture and Sephardic Jews immigrate to Israel was used Builders State Ashkenazi Vahjrthm were as achieving
Religious desires (Salvation), which was promised in the holy religious books have aspired most Sephardic Jewish nation
Renewable Vahjrthm was fraught with disappointment and humiliation and were Ashkenazi Jewish Sephardic direction of a look a look of contempt
And estrangement Whether it is their culture and their leadership or Avabdthm.
2. The Sephardic Jews and socio-economic class status in Israeli society inferior status of Jews
Ashkenazi is reflected in Mina Work and Income Based on the study data Ashkenazi middle classes, and upper
However Sephardic Jews pray to the centers, especially in local authorities where they became mayors of political power
In the recent period began occupying prominent positions in national politics, government and the Knesset in addition to integration
The military presence in the academic institutions in senior economic positions very Few.
And that the institution a major role in the creation and continuation of the deep gaps between Ashkenazi and Sephardic ranging from resettlement policy
In the fifties in remote areas, and we've come to this day in various fields of life, despite the fact that Sephardic Jews
The highest percentage of Western hegemonic Ashkenazi Jews is found in all economic, political and fields
Despite the social and apprehension among the Ashkenazi Jews of Sephardic Jews to Israel will turn to the eastern state so
There have been significant attempts to purge the Arab character of the Sephardic Jews and was the crucible of the movement is Anshaarham
Zionism.
* Localization of Sephardic Jews who immigrated to Palestine during the fifties in separate cities and villages was aimed at
Achieve the following objectives: -
1. localization of the Sephardim, who looked at them as refugees Ashkenazi came out of the Arab and Islamic countries and must be assimilated
In areas with similar climate of the countries from which they departed conditions.
2. Eastern Jewish immigration formed a human resource to achieve significant enabled the Jewish population distribution in the limbs policy
To replace those of the Palestinian population and thus it has been secured control of the Jewish presence on these areas.
3. Ashkenazi Jews have looked at the Sephardic a negative view as a group uncivilized came from underdeveloped countries and did not want
Mix them and from here sought to dismiss them for residential Ashkenazi descending from the advanced industrial countries of society
Through resettled in remote cities and districts of their own and separate from Ashkenazi housing sites.
4. Having emigrated Palestinians from their homes remained empty their dwellings arose leadership Ashkenazi substituting Sephardic Jews
Palestinians and it replaced the Judaization of these areas put the possibility of return of the Palestinians to.
5. The Israeli government was keen to quickly absorb large waves of immigration that came to Israel from countries
Arab and Asian by domesticated in the homes of Palestinians from the cities of parties such as Beersheba, Beit She'an and exclusive
And Acre or by temporary quarters and Mbeefat named (Ma'abarot).
6. The Israeli government wants to dominate the land and real estate that you see after the Palestinians displaced as
Through the resettlement of Jews, and thus Sephardic Jews form docile tool of the Israeli government to achieve control
Territory.
7. concern for the resettlement of the Sephardim in the border areas to be protective fence in front of Israel's Arab attacks
For the development of their hostility to the Arab States of the director and thus increasing their affiliation to the new state - Israel.
* Structural factors of discrimination - against Sephardic Jews in Israel in the fields of education, education.
1. The State of Israel has not recognized since its inception Sephardic Jews as a group of ethnic, political and cultural specificity of the Jews
Palestine and the Jews of the Arab country by the Zionist institutions in the Zionist settlement in Palestine was not
The right to establish their own schools with special curriculum, the disappearance of the recognition of the right of Sephardic Jews in maintaining
Their privacy has had a significant impact Viserb students from schools and higher institutes based in Israel, which is
Mostly of Ashkenazi Jews to explain the gap between the eastern student, and Ashkenazi and racist terms
Such as the oriental culture primitive compared to modern Western culture, and not to the east of the Jewish student's ability to think renovated
And other terms that reflect the arrogance of Western culture, and contempt for the Eastern culture.
2. adopted the Ministry of Education and the Israeli education policy rating Mizrahi students as a group vulnerable populations need
To private culturally by educational institutions in Israel as care worked on the preparation of the Platform fit
Western mentality and take care on the Western Jews and belittles the history of the Jews of the Arab countries is an example, Book of the history of the people
Israel, which is considered a key and a book Alzamaya stages of primary school and secondary school has a four hundred page only
Which are reserved only nine pages of Sephardic Jews and the rest of Europe, America, this policy led to the payment of
Sephardic students to vocational and agricultural schools and rehabilitation professional expertise which pushes them into the labor market
Early instead of joining universities and higher institutes in Israel.
3. The content of the subjects followed in front of educational attainment among Sephardic students and working to marginalize Jews
Mizrahi and the Ngribem any on them and assimilation in Western culture Ashkenazi and neglect of the Eastern culture and create a
The problem of lack of understanding of teachers to teach in these areas.
4. The Sephardic Jews faced discrimination in housing policy has lived in marginal slums while the housing
Ashkenazi Jews in ready homes in major cities, while Sephardic Jews sent to the remote areas in the Negev has been
Or border areas and then repopulated in slums such as the Cross led in Haifa, and under Jewish population overcrowding
Mizrahi is much greater than the Ashkenazim.
5. discrimination in the Army and has extended the policy of discrimination Sephardic Jews in the army, which was considered the main tool to crystallize
Identity of Israeli society and the most important factor the development of the individual and the ascension of peace class in addition to the religious dictum For these
Influential obvious factors in the overall religious and historical consciousness of the Jews and have an impact on their development, which extends from the Temple
The second and even the emergence of the Zionist movement in Europe, is to adopt the concept of non-violence of any non-use of force in their differences
With the Gentiles, that discrimination against Sephardic Jews policy in all areas of life and marginalized in Israeli society
Was the fertile ground that has grown grew by Shas Movement) came this movement to prevent this injustice and struggles
For equality phenomenon of segregation and discrimination against Sephardic Jews it has become a constant phenomenon and passed on from one generation to another
Gradually concentrated gradually year after year and increase the hatred between the two communities because the large gap
Among them are mainly due to objective conditions imposed by the state policy and controlled by Western Ashkenazi Jews
Relating to intellectual roots of Zionism sloping remnants of European racist thought.
6. Under the thoughtful study and was declared as a result of the exclusion of Sephardic Jews from the Cultural Centre and Scientific Center
Economic and military center and center and even the religious center and the decision-making center, and the center
Religious and low level of living east of the Jews in addition to the low level of his education.
7. political terms: the Jews under the Weavers Followers of political parties and movements Zionist faction
Ashkenazi Jews did not establish independent political parties and Herat addition Ashkenazi religious establishment remained
Her decision and the owner of separation remained religious Sephardic her followers and subject to its control.
8. liberalization process and Sephardic Jews have passed especially the Arab Moroccan Jews from religious Jewish political domination
Ashkenazi several stages: -
A. Since the beginning of the fifties and even war in 973 were under the domination of the party, Mapai (Labor Party later).
B - after the war when he received the right in Israel attracted to right-wing parties, led by the Likud party and was
Sephardic Jews support for right-wing parties in Israel is the main guarantee for the continuation of the rule of the Likud and its allies for a long time.
T - that is what gives political parties and religious movements of Jews of Sephardic its distinctive character is not their positions or programs
Political so much as their positions or programs of economic, religious and cultural alliance with the right in Israel was not
Mainly because of the extremism of the right, especially toward the Palestinians and Arabs in general and the direction it has been associated since the start of the vengeance and resentment
Labor and its allies on the left who were considered responsible for the low status of Sephardic Jews have the right to raise
Extreme injustice against them and saved them from the reality of dependency of the Labor Party and resentment because of them (n increased secularism in the state,
Those secularization that alienate them Sephardic Jews Aounam any religious traditionalists is very strict religiously.
W - the Sephardic Jews were and still are the most hostile to the Arabs and the Palestinians both inside the Green Line or areas
Occupied this hostility was expressed by Rabbi Joseph movement Shas leader.
* Differences and gaps between Ashkenazi and Sephardic the list include education and still the economy, housing and self-identity
Alantmaiah can be summarized in the following points: -
1. cultural and economic gaps between Ashkenazim and Sephardim have descended Ashkenazim from industrial countries to ideological motives
Zionism to build a Jewish homeland in Palestine and therefore saw the Ashkenazim in the European industrial and scientific models
The American model Iqldonh because they came from the heart of the Sephardic model came from Africa and Arab countries
These countries lag behind socially and economically and educated but immigrated to Israel as a result cajole and intimidate the movement
Zionism them when the announcement of the establishment of the State of Israel.
2. Ashkenazi elites control the region and the World Zionist union of public workers and later the Israeli government and
The army and the parties that control has reduced opportunities for elites Sephardi and have limited access to elites
Ashkenazi.
3. Ashkenazi hegemony on the Sephardim were the reasons that contributed to keep the difference, gaps in terms of view
Ashkenazi to Sephardic contempt and treated them like Don.
4. size of household income and the size of the form of reason in the continuation of structural gaps between Ashkenazi and Sephardic lost was intended to size
Sephardi family is less than the size of the family of Ashkenazi and Sephardi income less income from Ashkenazi and Sephardi housing in
Remote areas and in cities and villages where the economic fundamentals are not available.
* How to treat the World Zionist Sephardic Jews: -
Historically: Zionism was in the beginning of a national ethnic based on legends and historical tales glorifying the past for Jews
As compensation for the failure and humiliation of the Jews in the eastern European reality and at that point, but after the Congress
The first Jew, which was held in Basel in 1897 and the beginning of the Jewish settlement in Palestine began to delve deeper into the nature of Zionism
Western colonialism.
In the wake of the British occupation (the Balfour Declaration in 1917) dominated the colonial life in the direction of Britain and is no longer
Center of gravity nationalist Baath Jews of Eastern Europe and even the establishment and strengthening of Zionist settlement in Palestine in conditions
New Alklonielyh in Mandatory Palestine crystallized the essence of the culture and Zionist settlement since the beginning of the twentieth century until
Establishment of the state in 1948 by the settlement of the country's Palestinian Arab nationalist and anti.
Treat the World Zionist Sephardic Jews on the basis of Astalaia from the beginning of settlement in Palestine has established Jews
Ashkenazi first settlements in Palestine for isolated places of the population of Jews of Palestine who was their semi-autonomous
Religious and cultural terms was their religious laws and courts, schools and temples of their own and have occupied high leadership positions
In addition to Aounam part of the Arabic language and Arab civilization and was the first attempt for the Jews of Palestine to engage in
Zionist project initiative for the establishment of the Histadrut young Sephardi in 1917 after the issuance of the Balfour Declaration and the occupation
The British are the bells as a salvation, prompting the first to join the Jewish Brigade in reaping the young easterners
And encourage them to join the institutions of the Zionist movement and was the first global conference for young Sephardic years
1920 with the participation of several other organizations from Europe and was changed later to the Middle Guild pioneering name in order to neutralize
Sectarianism in the name of the organization and was the goal of this organization is to broadcast the Zionist spirit among these Jewish communities in
Arab countries and Palestine, and this organization was one of the first members of the Haganah committed massacres against the Palestinian and swore
To speak Hebrew in each place and publish a newspaper in genius to explain the objectives of the settlement in Palestine.
Zionist idea I was in one of the basic pillars in the building of the Zionist society and that the establishment of a Jewish state
A contemporary of the basic pillars of the Zionist movement, and has established the modern Zionist Jewish group on
A new foundation of Jewish nationalism (rather than religion) and emphasized the common foundations of all Zionists that Jewish people
And the land of Israel and the Jewish settlements and the Jewish state are all pillars of Zionism and that Jewish settlement in
Palestine one of the key factors in the new collective Jewish building has a common purpose for the Jews who came from
Different backgrounds from around the world, has germinated the Jewish state and the leadership of building the state of Israel, which has at the hands of
Ashkenazi.
The reality of the Sephardic Jews in Israel more arrangement arrived there from leadership positions in the Jewish state, including the presidency
The state presidency and parliament and the ministries and the leadership of the army and there are Ashkenazim Jews in effect even in the Labour party sites
And left-wing parties that there also can not be ignored differentiation between the same groups of Sephardic Jews spared Iraq, for example
They were luckier than the Jews of Yemen or the Jews of the Arab Maghreb, and were quicker to integrate into the community, to parties
List and did not find themselves forced to form independent parties, as they are less religious or more secular wildest some of
Moroccan Jews, an example and today occupies the highest position in the army, Gen. out of eastern Iranian (Persian origin).
* Look Ashkenazi Zionist leaders to
Jews from Arab countries: -
They grew up Jewish Weavers and raised on the habits and traditions of East and values, particularly Arab, but when held
The State of Israel adopted the state leaders of the Zionist ideology that Herzl drawn towards the eastern culture and worked on the implementation of
Policy then was brought Jews from Arab countries to Palestine was after the killing of European Jews by Nazi Germany and then
For some reason the fear that Sephardic Jews become the largest number of Ashkenazi Jews of Europe it can be concluded that the objective of
Zionist movement before World War II was the establishment of an entity homeland for Ashkenazi Jews in Palestine in addition to the
Hands of cheap labor and the Jews of Palestine the Jews of Yemen who brought in 1911 and the statements of Ben-Gurion that
The true meaning of this disaster can be that Hitler has hampered the establishment of the Jewish state, which has not Iezaretha: -
1. Ben-Gurion described the country's Jews from Arab barbarians It also compare their migration and displacement to Palestine and between
The displacement of Negroes who were brought to America Obeid said to them, Beware Alcherqnh.
2. The Eshkol for Sephardic Jews and he sees complain that jobs are given to those who know the language of Ashknazian
Yiddish is not given to the Jews of Sephardic, not matter because Aounam do not know Yiddish but because Aounam do not know
Nothing but the Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants favorite for Sephardic Jews.
3. Golda Meir said (Jewish Immigrants from the Arab countries can not Atrkoa to the appropriate level of civilization.
4- and Abba Eban said: "Half of the population in Israel have come from countries that do not know education since the demise of civilization
Islamic.
5. Ephraim Harman said: "Israel's ambassador in New York in an interview with Mr. Berger official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
America: "give you ten Jews from the Arabs against the Jewish-American one.
6. David Ben-Gurion, the first President of the State of Israel: "The Israelis do not want to turn to the Arabs that we are obligated to
That we are working against the Eastern thought, which spoiled the individuals and groups and we have to maintain the original Jewish values
Crystallized in any diaspora in Europe.
7. Yohanan Peres, a sociologists say that the Israeli Sephardic Jews refuse to know themselves Ehud
Arabs and encroaching on the constants of the Arab culture and the Arabic denying their roots stems from a psychological understanding of the motives of militants in
Policy views towards the Arab states as refusing to withdraw from the Arab countries, which Israel captured in 1967
And supporting the Ashkenazi Israeli right Viejawn political issue in greater realism and rationality.
1. increasingly apprehensive Zionist leaders on the future of Israel's cultural and ethnic nature and Sephardic Jews Salsqon
By Al shortcomings due to the low level and because of the increased number of Sephardi Jews in Israel and despite the fact that the Jews
Ashkenazim are not a numerical majority, but the clear dominance in all spheres of social, economic and cultural life
And political understanding Itboooon important positions in the state.
2. Although the head of state and head of Arkan Commission and Minister of Defense and Finance of the Sephardic Jews, but the makers
Almrazaan decisions in the policy of the Central Ashkenazi Jewish leadership of the two major parties Labor and Likud are under
Ashkenazi Jewish control.
3. The failure to meet the needs of Sephardic Jews in the economic and social fields has led them to resort to a policy
Outside parliament to any demonstrations and protest against the authority an expression of social and economic distress
And civilization.
4. We believe that the Sephardic more stringent than the Arabs of Western Jews, they are defending the positions of foreign policy
Inflexible against the Arabs in general, and opposes the Sephardic Jews, in particular, any settlement involving
Far-reaching political concessions to the Palestinians and there is a significant tendency when Sephardic Jews to vote for right-wing parties
The vote for the Likud party and vote for Shas sectarian, and there is a tendency when a large Ashkenazi Jewish vote
Labor Party and other secular parties Meretz party.
5. The status Almanmhah religious Sephardic is the inevitable result of the project of the Israeli colonial settlement
Based mainly on geographical and social orientation to Aaron and believed that immigrants were taken to the Weavers areas
Border continuation of the colonial settlement process through which the expulsion and dispossession of Palestinian property
Indigenous to this land.
And Sephardic Jews were distributed in the Southern District of the Negev and the Galilee and the north.
Says Jewish writer Sami Michael and is a Jew of Iraqi origin speaks in his book about the issue of immigration to
Israel, says without reservation that all Jews immigrated to Israel is tantamount to refugees in the twentieth century, few have come to
Israel, out of love for Israel person, normal does not leave his home and Omlaah and the language of his mother and the place where he grew up
For principles, the Zionist movement has worked to persuade Jews abroad that the State of Israel is a safe country
And it is the only place where Jews feel that a normal human being and upright.
*resources and references: -
1. Baghdad University - Centre for Palestine Studies (mirage Hamid Abbouda) - "Oriental Jews in Israel the situation."
2. Center for Arab Unity Studies (Sephardic Jews in Israel - the reality and future prospects) Several authors.
3. Arabs and Jews in history - historical facts - d. Ahmed Sousse.
4. Palestinian Research and Studies Center for Israel Studies Department of the Jews and Orientals Shas movement, Marwan
Darwish - Nablus - Palestine.
5. Other sources