The HISTORY of
The Comoro Islands'
The Portuguese in the movement of geographical Svhm are looking for a new route for trade and access to India and the East Indies (Indonesia) For the spice and pepper without going through the old trade which is controlled by the Mamluk state in Egypt, and found the Portuguese in all the coasts they went through about Africa that most Muslim population even in remote islands, uninhabited and the Comoros, and collided with the Portuguese Muslims opponents them everywhere from the coast, known to Muslim merchants opened their morals and honesty of many a country more than opened the Islamic armies, and this country of Comoros, which settled by Muslims and founded a number of kingdoms in those magical
islands called the country's perfume.
Moon Arab Islamic State African islands in the Strait of Mozambique between Madagascar and the African coast, an area of about (2235 km2), equivalent to (863 square miles) and includes four main islands are:
Grande Comore, and has a length of 70 km and 34 km display, the most famous cities Mornay, DC, and Aekonne. The Hnokayev island of Anjouan, or amounts to an area of 424 km 2, which is scented island to the large number of flowers and aromatic plants out. The island of Mayotte Oomahora the closest islands to Madagascar, an area of 374 km 2, and was the capital of the country until the year (1386 AH = 1966 AD), and is inhabited by a lot of Europeans. Island pro Oomohala and Europeans call it the Green Island, an area of 290 km 2, and the surrounding eight small uninhabited islands that population.
The islands enjoy a strategically important due to its ruling crossroads ways navigational flying from South Asia and India to the south of Africa and vice versa.
Arabs were the first to launch a label on the Comoros islands in the early second century, some have attributed the cause of the label that Arab travelers returning assets to Muscat, Aden and Hadramawt landed on the islands and the coast was a full moon Vosmoha Comoros. Others attributed the label because their shape resembles Crescent year, and the four major islands distributed in specific locations similar to the four main aspects of the moon. The Europeans took this name from the Arabs, and called it "Comore" or "Comoros" Comoros.
The current name is the Islamic Federal Moon Islands, and a population of over a 700 thousand people from different ethnic backgrounds mingled and intermarried among themselves, and gave the people of the Arab, African and Asian features are featured. The Arab assets ratio of 35%, and Africa 55%, while the rest of the population of the Asian assets of the Malay and Indonesia, China, Indian, European and assets of France, Portugal and the Netherlands belongs. Most of the population of the Muslim religion on the Shafi'i school, and there is a Christian minority in Mayotte came with a missionary Catholic missions sponsored by the French religious institutions, according to the text of the Constitution there are three official languages are French, a language of instruction in schools where there are no university in the country, and language Ala Rbia, lunar and language which is a mixture of Arabic and Swahili which is written in Arabic script.
It flowed into some Arab migrations from Oman and Hadramaut and Yemen to the Comoros, and it was some of these fishermen They settled, and settled with them Islam there and dyed the islands of the Arab character and merged with the indigenous population, and enjoy Hadhrami powerful and became sultans islands, however, and competition conflicts between local rulers weaker thorn, Vaanlha Portuguese-year (908 AH = 1502 AD), and did not find the strength of the large sultanates and the separation of the word.
The Islanders was soon revolted against the Portuguese Vokhrjohm, and revealed at that time a group of Shiraz in Grande Comore year (912 AH = 1506 AD) occupied the island and founded the Sultanate, and ruled Anjouan and Mayotte, and Moheli, and so collected four islands in the Sultanate and one under the leadership of Mohammed bin Hassan bin Mohammed bin Isa, but his death brought about especially vulnerable after he took his wife, "Mullanh" governance and WAFS another woman called "babe", the band continued turmoil prevail islands even attacked Madgshkerion, and they would destroy private tribes "Alskalava" Malagasy its people.
I knew Comoros internationally for the first time when she appeared on the world map drawn by the Portuguese traveler Diogo Ripert year (934 AH = 1527 AD), and although the control of the Islamic influence and the Arab world on the islands, the unrest was dominated by France and was able to impose its control over the island "Mayotte" the year (1259 AH = 1843).
The delegations from the island of Anjouan residents to meet with the commander of the Egyptian forces in East Africa Rizwan Pasha (1292 AH = 1875 AD) and asked him to enter the island under Egyptian protection, but the Egyptian government was busy strengthen its control over other areas more interest in these small islands, so it did not give the this call any attention, and he signed Anjouan rulers treaty with the British a year (1300 AH = 1882) provided for the abolition of the slave trade in the island, he railed slave traders of this Treaty, and broke out civil wars, asked the rulers of the island to impose a French protectorate they signed a treaty so in (1304 AH = 1887), while the island of Moheli Vaanltha France a year (1303 AH = 1886 AD).
Although there is a Muslim majority in the four islands, they did not have an active role in the resistance to French influence, and did not try to organize themselves, and busy civil wars among themselves.
The French decision was issued a year (1330 AH = 1912 AD) under which these islands became a French colony, and caused Madagascar, and remained two years followed, then it broke away and became an independent colony until World War II.
Britain has imposed its control over the islands during the war after the defeat of France against Germany, and taken to base its ships Yeh war in the Indian Ocean, then the islands returned to France after the war
The Comoros French territories overseas, and was subject to the governor of Gaul appointed by the French government and the Association elected legislature on the basis of popular suffrage in the territory, and a representative of the French National Assembly, and notes that these islands have been less French territories overseas runner in the areas of development economic, social, and has not been achieved by only a fraction of the manifestations of autonomy as they accounted French High Commissioner in Mornay on a very broad powers in all areas.
France announced in the year (1378 = 1958) for a referendum in the colonies overseas to choose between independence or remain part of the French group, was a referendum in the Comoros and settled opinion that the islands remain within the French group, Voatttha France autonomy, and then became the province delegate Sam French assisted by the Council of ministers and was the first president lunar of this council is Sheikh Mahmoud Said, is this council responsible jointly responsible ministerial before a legislative council of 31 members elected by universal suffrage, and represents the Comoros members of the French national Assembly, and one member of the Senate in Paris.
Lunar ministries and exercised a measure of the broad powers except defense and foreign affairs and diplomatic affairs.
History of Comoros
Author: Zainal Abidin Mohamed Kamal Abdel-Hamid
________________________________________
By / Zainal Abidin Mohamed Kamal Abdel-Hamid *
an introduction :
The irony is striking indeed to consider is that many scholars and researchers specialists have departed for research in the history of the Comoros, despite what was represented by the islands through Azman different history of the crucible in which many races fused able to write a history illuminated old spanned centuries deep in the foot, where the islands and still represent the thresholds of the dry north-west of the Mozambique channel, halfway between the African continent and the island of Madagascar, which did not facilitate their affairs in any way to remain Bmnazl for traffic accidents of history that task from the Indian Ocean spot, as far as the participation of the islands rich in the history of the African continent and the Indian Ocean in particular, the world and history in general, as far as one regrets the scarcity of specialized studies relating to its history, which struck much history of the mystery, as well as confused obviously mostly between truth and slander, not surprising after all, has become forgotten.
In fact, the writing of history so far not been given little attention to these islands at a time when we do not doubt the historical role played by the Comoros over the periods of its long history as a result of its geographical location unique, especially to face the coast east of Africa, as well as its proximity to the Indian Ocean islands, particularly the island of Madagascar, and Reunion, Mauritius and the Seychelles, Zanzibar, Pemba and other Western Indian Ocean Islands, and Comoros formed important points for ships flying to the coast of east Africa, as well as cruising towards the Indian, and then promised the Comoros during the colonial era episode of Franco-British rivalry colonial traditional for control of the road leading to India on the one hand, and on the other hand, the acquisition and control of the strategically important points that were considered as points then converge seas and bays, as well as the parties to the continents of Africa and Asia during the nineteenth century.
What has been the moon archipelago that form during its history ahead of the Arab and Islamic culture along the east coast of Africa to the continent of the Western Indian Ocean locations, and then it was not possible to continue the history of islands is absent so the Arab memory, and that the Arab library entirely devoid of any specialist source reveals to us for this date, which was considered unknown and forgotten.
Site, along:
Moon archipelago stretches from northwest to southeast across the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between latitudes 20.11 and 4.13 to the south, and between longitudes 11.43 and 19.45 east longitude, estimated at 26,000 km 2 marine area.
reason of calling :
Raised questions about the reason for naming the Comoros that name, at a time when Arab sources did not reach one reason for that label, or so they said another name to it, and as a result there were conflicting opinions varied about the cause of the label, there are those who attribute it to the moon, and so on the grounds that overall shape of the island resembles the crescent, and the most important islands four distributed system in locations taken four of the major objects of moon shape, so he called the Arabs this name, and perhaps also because this region of the southern hemisphere, which was termed an astronomer as Route way (the Milky way ), which is filled with clouds, was not the light of the moon shows it clearly only in the islands of the Indian Ocean, there are those who assume that perhaps the word Comoro, the word of the vernacular Swahili meaning (the fire that comes) as a result of the eruptions, and go another view the possibility that the Comoros has derived its name from the tribe of the moon, which was endemic to the south of the Arabian Peninsula, which is now represented in Amman by a brown Ream (Bani.Ryam) in Mount Qadir, as well as pre-built iron, while ascribes Ahmed bin Majid ( 1), to Qamran bin Amer bin Sam bin Noah - peace be upon him, however, pronounced the moon (by bringing pollinator), he says: Island moon attributed to Qamran bin Amer bin Noah, and pronounced Sapphire Hamwi moon (annexation gathered stillness Almim), and the pretext as the ratio to the lunar birds, where spreads widely across the moon Island, and remember: the moon annexation and then sleep collect Ajmer, a very white, white, and from the lunar named after the bird, and satellite country of Egypt, and the moon is also an island in the middle of the Sea of Zinj, not the sea, the island's largest including, where several cities and kings every one violates other.
In any event, the Arabs first two Antqunha Moon (annexation gathered stillness Almim) has moved Almim Vtlfez moon (by bringing Almim), but it has become common for trading the word moon (open pollinator and Almim), including taking Europeans word Komuro (Comoro) and after that distorted from the Arab word.
* The most important ethnic groups Comoros:
Comorians does not belong to a specific breed, but they merit a complex of different origins and elements of the variety of the Bantu, Arabs, Indonesians and Malays, Indians, Chinese, and it appears that very clear in the features of the population, have originated from the mixing of these elements, especially the Bantu and Almgah strain known race Aalghemora or Malaysians lunar, a result of this mixing in Mayotte what is known Almahory race, and then there were many languages and dialects lunar.
The main groups that inhabit the Comoros currently are:
1. Arabs: They make up about one-third of the population, and return links to the Comoros to the period before Islam, has come from the south of the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf region especially in Oman and Hadramaut, Yemen, and is attributed to the Arabs favored the spread of Islam among throughout the Comoros.
2. Africans: They represent 55% of the population, almost, and thought they came accompanied by Arab traders from the east coast of Africa to the Comoros, and this class is to Almacqua (Makuas) and Alkavirz (Cafres).
3. Alcherazion: arrivals to the Comoros from Shiraz Persia during the fifth century AD because of doctrinal disputes, has mingled with Arabs and Africans, who make up Nho5.3% of the total population.
4. Albollinsah groups, Ooualemlaoah: include Allowamatsaha (Wamtsaha), they are a mixture of the Bushmen and sex Malaysian, and they inhabit the island of Anjouan, then Alontalots (Antalotes), they are a mixture of Almgahah- blood of the Malay asset - and Arab blood that came from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, these groups make up about 6% of the total population.
In addition to these earlier ethnic groups, there is a small segment of the population was the result of mating French settlers with the locals, known as Alkrroyol (Creoles), but this category senior political influence in Mayotte, which is still under French administration, and there is also a small group descended from assets Portuguese, who are descendants of Portuguese sailors who took the Comoros in the early sixteenth century, and these two groups together make up less than 5.0% of the total population.
This condemns most of the population of the Comoros to the Islamic religion, except for a small group of Christian Alkrroyol, which is concentrated in Mayotte as previously mentioned.
* The introduction of Islam in Comoros:
Has been associated with the spread of Islam in the east African coast in general, and the Comoros Islands in particular, actively trade the Arabs, and migrations, whether Arab ones or Persian, especially Shirazi immigration, and as a result of the geographical factor of near the Arabian Peninsula, especially south of the east coast of Africa, which was expressed by Copeland (Coupland) that they were neighbors (they were .next .door .neighbors), as the distance from Zanzibar and even Aden about 1,700 miles, and Zanzibar and even hometown of about 2,200 miles, in addition to the regular seasonal trade winds of the Indian Ocean storm, wind Vthb North and north-east, from the beginning of December, and continues blowing it on a regular basis until the end of February and then reflected it, it is April blowing strong winds from the south and southwest, and so on Arab traders became organize trips African coast opposite them by wind regular seasons known to them.
Vobhroa by ship known Baldoat sailboats (dhows) (2), along the east coast of Africa until the Mozambique Currently, It should be noted that with repeat visits by the Arab east of the African coast, it has emerged what is known Bimarat coast such as: Ksmaa and bright and Malindi and Mombassa, Zanzibar, HEK and baseness and Mogadishu, and others.
That was the Arabs larger and critical role in spreading Islam and Islamic and Arab culture in the east coast of Africa and the islands of confrontation to him, giving rise to their efforts cities and commercial centers Aatsoa where their religion and respect for themselves, he left it a good impression in the hearts of Africans, making many of them accept the Islamic religion, hand the other was the mixing of Arab Muslims coming to the coast, Africans, and their daughters Tzaugem step of what is beyond that, as Africans realized that the Islamic religion is based on the principle of fraternity, equality, and they looked to him as a religion for blacks and whites together.
It should be noted here that the religious fervor pay Bimarat coast to the Islamic Jihad for the sake of Allah in order to ward off the danger that afflicts Islam, Ibn Battuta describes the people as the people of HEK Jihad because they are in the righteousness of one connected with the Kfar Negroes, and often their religion and righteousness.
Elsewhere praises Ibn Battuta virtues Sultan HEK, good religious commitment and character and intense love of jihad for the sake of God, he says: The jurisdiction under me to Abu Muzaffar Hasan, and nicknamed Abu talents to the large number of talents and Makhamreh, many invasion to the land of Negroes change them, and it takes booty out a fifth and spends money on its banks specified in the book of Allah, and it makes the share of those with relatives in the closet on alone, if he received a honorable paid to them, and it was honorable they mean from Iraq and the Hijaz and others, and I saw him from the honest Hijaz group of them Mohammed bin Hijaz, and Mansour bin Labida bin Abi grew, and Mohammed bin Numeilh bin Abi grew, and received Mogadishu table bin bin Kpah Jammaz He wants to come by, and this authority has very humbly, sitting with the poor, and eats with them, and maximize people of religion and honor.